Navigating a Segregated Nation with the Green Book

The Green Book

"For African-American travelers in the Jim Crow-era South—often journeying from the north to visit relatives who had not joined the Great Migration—an unprepossessing paper-bound travel guide often amounted to a survival kit. The Green Book often functioned as a lifesaver," writes Kathleen Burke of the Smithsonian.

The recently released movie Green Book, which opened to much acclaim, depicts a historically relevant tale based on one family's recounting of a story that reconciles the racial divide between two very different people, people who ultimately recognize the common, race transcending humanity that ties them together. While the movie is worthy of its accolades, and offers an important view into America's history of racism, its references to the real Green Book provide scant insight into the book's importance as a once vital African-American travel guide for navigating the country safely. Even traveling with his white bodyguard, Don Shirley, the world renown classical and jazz pianist depicted in the movie, couldn't be guaranteed protection from the violent racist reality of the time. Deeper digging is required to discover the Green Book's true historical significance, and how it links to today's reality.

In early 2016, especially in February during Black History Month, I prefaced a few of my posts with the words "Essential American History." One of them was about the Green Book. Learning about the Green Book is to begin to understand how heartbreakingly difficult it was for many Americans to navigate a segregated nation. It is one more story in the countless many about racism that are critical to our understanding why it is no simple task to bring people together in trust and harmony given what we've done to each other. 

To fully understand history details, context, and personal stories matter. They are essential. Not enough detail, context and personal stories find their way into our typical high school American history curricula and textbooks.

Arguably, there is only so much history that can be presented in a school year leaving students (and most of us throughout our lives) with only basic themes and highlights, omitting essential points that I believe affect how we look at one another in the United States, how we look at the rest of the world, and how the world looks back at us. A rudimentary history of the United States, let alone the world, is not sufficient to fully appreciate and celebrate the richness of our diversity, and what it means to the future of our country. 

Without awareness of history's details and context we miss points that may make a significant difference in how we relate to each other; how we welcome or exclude each other; and how we enact laws and promote behaviors that either treat everyone fairly, with dignity and justice, or discriminate against certain people leading to unfair treatment, degrading and devoid of the justice our country promises to all Americans.

The Green Book's Black History, Brent Staples' opinion piece that recounts "lessons from the Jim Crow-era travel guide for African American elites," along with The Smithsonian and PBS stories listed below, documents the Green Book's importance and relevance in American history. They are well worth reading to gain another much needed view into the cruel and demeaning realities created and sustained by white America.

How the Green Book Helped African-American Tourists Navigate a Segregated Nation in the April 2016 Smithsonian Magazine is a story about The Negro Motorist Green-Book. It is accompanied by a Smithsonian online story, “Driving While Black” Has Been Around As Long As Cars Have Existed. Included with the online story is a link to a powerful and telling video clip from Green Book, a Ric Burns documentary scheduled for release in 2019. If anything, view the clip!

Further details, as well as links to Green Book copies, can be found in a 2013 PBS story "Green Book" Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road.

Understanding history matters. It is essential.

This blogpost was published in The Connecticut Mirror's CT Viewpoints on February 13, 2019.

Don Shaw, Jr.

RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Essential American History: "Having Our Say" and "Having Their Say"

OLIVIA COLE, left, plays Sadie Delany and Brenda Pressley is Bessie Delany in “Having Our Say.” ( T. Charles Erickson )

I have my tickets for "Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years" now performing at Hartford Stage, March 31- April 24.  Do you have yours? If not, better reserve them quick. 

Hartford Stage's website describes the play's essence: "103-year-old Sadie Delany and 101-year-old Bessie Delany were the daughters of a former slave, grew up in the Jim Crow South, lived in Harlem during its renaissance, and had professional careers as a teacher and a dentist, respectively. While they make dinner to remember their father’s birthday, the two sisters tell us the story of the last century, as they lived it. History at its most immediate, and poignant."

In his Hartford Courant review, Christopher Arnott writes "Having Our Say is a special sort of show. Part storytelling revue, part civil rights drama, part housekeeping ritual. The stories Sadie and Bessie tell largely concern the racism and chauvinism they experienced as African-American women during the 20th century, tempered with tales of personal triumph, social progress and supportive friends and family members."

And don't miss Witnessing History: The Life and Times of the Delany Family featured in Hartford Stage's Stagenotes. The timeline of history paralleling the Delany sisters' lives is impressive.

Finally, kudos to Hartford Stage and "Connecticut Humanities, the Greater Hartford Arts Council, and the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving, as recommended by the Jackson-Batchelder Family Fund," for sponsoring Having Their Say: Generations in Conversation. Don't miss these stories. They are powerful and emotional.

Developed as an online companion piece to the Delany sisters' story, Having Their Say is an oral history project in which Hartford Stage "invited a group of local African-American female students to partner with 10 African-American women over the age of 70 to share stories specific to our Hartford community. Through a series of intergenerational dialogues, the participants exchanged their personal journeys, reflecting on the influences that have shaped their lives here in our city."


Don Shaw, Jr.
Write and Editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Residential Segregation in America: By Accident or On Purpose?

Richard Rothstein, a noted researcher and policy advisor at the Economic Policy Institute, has invested years in analyzing the history and effects of residential segregation in the United States. He was the keynote speaker at the Hartford-based Partnership for Strong Communities March 31, 2016, IForum on "Housing Choice and Affordability: Unlocking Opportunity." 

Rothstein's presentation traced the history of how metropolitan segregated neighborhoods formed throughout the United States. His fact-laden recount began with the Great Migration of African-Americans moving to northern, midwestern, and western cities, away from the Jim Crow south in the early twentieth century. He does not hide his passion for destroying myths about how segregated housing just happened by accident, or as one might say today, organically. Rothstein's insight deserves inclusion in any discussion on racism in America.

Rather than try to summarize what I heard in his presentation, I recommend listening to his thirty-six minute discussion with WHYY's Terry Gross from an interview she conducted on her May 14, 2015, public radio show Fresh Air. It is essentially what he presented at the IForum. It is titled "Historian Says Don't 'Sanitize' How Our Government Created Ghettos."  The interview's transcript begins as follows:

"We have a myth today that the ghettos in metropolitan areas around the country are what the Supreme Court calls 'de-facto' — just the accident of the fact that people have not enough income to move into middle class neighborhoods or because real estate agents steered black and white families to different neighborhoods or because there was white flight."

"It was not the unintended effect of benign policies," he says. "It was an explicit, racially purposeful policy that was pursued at all levels of government, and that's the reason we have these ghettos today and we are reaping the fruits of those policies."

Rothstein is also the author of "The Making of Ferguson" in which he documents how public policies, those same policies he discussed at the IForum, are the root of Ferguson's troubles.

Don Shaw, Jr.
Write and Editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Essential American History: The Green Book, Navigating a Segregated Nation

The Green Book 1940 Edition

"For African-American travelers in the Jim Crow-era South—often journeying from the north to visit relatives who had not joined the Great Migration—an unprepossessing paper-bound travel guide often amounted to a survival kit. The Green Book often functioned as a lifesaver," writes Kathleen Burke of the Smithsonian.

During Black History Month, I prefaced a couple of posts with the words "Essential American History." The history I wrote about is essential because it is critical to understanding why it is no simple task to bring people together in trust and harmony given what we've done to each other. This is why learning about the Green Book is essential to understanding how heartbreakingly difficult it was for many Americans to navigate a segregated nation.

To fully understand history details, context, and personal stories matter. They are essential. Not enough detail, context and personal stories find their way into our typical high school American history curricula and textbooks.

Arguably, there is only so much history that can be presented in a school year leaving students (and most of us throughout our lives) with only basic themes and highlights, omitting essential points that I believe affect how we look at one another in the United States, how we look at the rest of the world, and how the world looks back at us. A rudimentary history of the United States, let alone the world, is not sufficient to fully appreciate and celebrate the richness of our diversity, and what it means to the future of our country.

Without awareness of history's details and context we miss points that may make a significant difference in how we relate to each other; how we welcome or exclude each other; and how we enact laws and promote behaviors that either treat everyone fairly, with dignity and justice, or discriminate against certain people leading to unfair treatment, degrading and devoid of the justice our country promises to all Americans.

The Smithsonian and PBS stories listed below document the Green Book's important and relevant American history.

How the Green Book Helped African-American Tourists Navigate a Segregated Nation in the April 2016 Smithsonian Magazine is a story about The Negro Motorist Green-Book. It is accompanied by a Smithsonian online story, “Driving While Black” Has Been Around As Long As Cars Have Existed. Included with the online story is a link to a powerful and telling video clip from Green Book, a Ric Burns documentary scheduled for release in 2019. If anything, view the clip!

Further details, as well as links to Green Book copies, can be found in a 2013 PBS story "Green Book" Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road.

Understanding history matters. It is essential.

Don Shaw, Jr.

Writer and Editor

RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Essential American History: The Great Migration

Jacob Lawrence’s “The migrants arrived in great numbers” (1940-41).CreditMuseum of Modern Art, New York. Gift of Mrs. David M. Levy, The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle/Artists Rights Society (Ars), New York. The Museum of Modern Art, via Licensed by Scala — Art Resource, New York

History matters.

The Great Migration is a critical event in 20th century American history. It is the story of "the decades-long migration of black citizens who fled the South for northern and western cities in search of a better life. From 1915 to 1970, this exodus of almost six million people changed the face of America." Historian Jon Meacham notes that "...it is one of the most significant yet little-noted shifts in American history, a shift with an infinity of implications for questions of race, power, politics, religion, and class - implications that are unfolding even now."

Emmitt Till and Tamir Rice, Sons of the Great Migration, Elizabeth Wilkerson's telling article [NY Times, February 12, 2016] is an insightful assessment relating how "African-Americans still haven't found the freedom they left the South for 100 years ago." This article is an essential follow-up to Wilkerson's Pulitzer Prize winning book, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration, a powerful account of the "...leaderless revolution that would incite six million to seek asylum within the borders of their own country."

Wilkerson's book and article are must reads.

Quotations are from Wilkerson's book and article, and Jon Meacham's comments.
Jacob Lawrence's art appears with the article.

Don Shaw, Jr.

Writer and Editor

RedTruckStonecatcher.com