Navigating a Segregated Nation with the Green Book

The Green Book

"For African-American travelers in the Jim Crow-era South—often journeying from the north to visit relatives who had not joined the Great Migration—an unprepossessing paper-bound travel guide often amounted to a survival kit. The Green Book often functioned as a lifesaver," writes Kathleen Burke of the Smithsonian.

The recently released movie Green Book, which opened to much acclaim, depicts a historically relevant tale based on one family's recounting of a story that reconciles the racial divide between two very different people, people who ultimately recognize the common, race transcending humanity that ties them together. While the movie is worthy of its accolades, and offers an important view into America's history of racism, its references to the real Green Book provide scant insight into the book's importance as a once vital African-American travel guide for navigating the country safely. Even traveling with his white bodyguard, Don Shirley, the world renown classical and jazz pianist depicted in the movie, couldn't be guaranteed protection from the violent racist reality of the time. Deeper digging is required to discover the Green Book's true historical significance, and how it links to today's reality.

In early 2016, especially in February during Black History Month, I prefaced a few of my posts with the words "Essential American History." One of them was about the Green Book. Learning about the Green Book is to begin to understand how heartbreakingly difficult it was for many Americans to navigate a segregated nation. It is one more story in the countless many about racism that are critical to our understanding why it is no simple task to bring people together in trust and harmony given what we've done to each other. 

To fully understand history details, context, and personal stories matter. They are essential. Not enough detail, context and personal stories find their way into our typical high school American history curricula and textbooks.

Arguably, there is only so much history that can be presented in a school year leaving students (and most of us throughout our lives) with only basic themes and highlights, omitting essential points that I believe affect how we look at one another in the United States, how we look at the rest of the world, and how the world looks back at us. A rudimentary history of the United States, let alone the world, is not sufficient to fully appreciate and celebrate the richness of our diversity, and what it means to the future of our country. 

Without awareness of history's details and context we miss points that may make a significant difference in how we relate to each other; how we welcome or exclude each other; and how we enact laws and promote behaviors that either treat everyone fairly, with dignity and justice, or discriminate against certain people leading to unfair treatment, degrading and devoid of the justice our country promises to all Americans.

The Green Book's Black History, Brent Staples' opinion piece that recounts "lessons from the Jim Crow-era travel guide for African American elites," along with The Smithsonian and PBS stories listed below, documents the Green Book's importance and relevance in American history. They are well worth reading to gain another much needed view into the cruel and demeaning realities created and sustained by white America.

How the Green Book Helped African-American Tourists Navigate a Segregated Nation in the April 2016 Smithsonian Magazine is a story about The Negro Motorist Green-Book. It is accompanied by a Smithsonian online story, “Driving While Black” Has Been Around As Long As Cars Have Existed. Included with the online story is a link to a powerful and telling video clip from Green Book, a Ric Burns documentary scheduled for release in 2019. If anything, view the clip!

Further details, as well as links to Green Book copies, can be found in a 2013 PBS story "Green Book" Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road.

Understanding history matters. It is essential.

This blogpost was published in The Connecticut Mirror's CT Viewpoints on February 13, 2019.

Don Shaw, Jr.

RedTruckStonecatcher.com

"The time is always right to do what is right"

It's August 2017. The United States of America is in the grip of divisiveness and hatred. A grip tearing our social fabric. A fabric woven of freedom and fairness for all people as envisioned by our country's founders. A fabric celebrated in our Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America is a framework intended to sustain us on an evolving path "in order to form a more perfect Union," following the lead of our Declaration of Independence's call for "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" for everyone.

This month's tragedy in Charlottesville, Virginia, is a signal event demanding action to break the grip of those who would deny the recognition, respect, and rights a just world should afford everyone.  

Two United Church of Christ pastors from my hometown of Granby CT offer their calls to action in my blog today. Please read them and follow their lead. Catch the stones we are prone to cast at, or throw in the path of the marginalized, vulnerable, and victimized among us, which prevents them from realizing the recognition, respect, and rights a just world should afford everyone. Every step, a stride short or long, is needed to walk the path ahead. Be a stonecatcher!

Don Shaw, Jr.

Writer and Editor 

RedTruckStonecatcher.com    

Evil Must Be Confronted
By Rev. Dr. Virginia A. "Ginny" McDaniel, Senior Minister
First Congregational Church, Granby CT

The gathering of white supremacist groups in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 12 was legal, but it was also deeply evil. Yes, our Bill of Rights guarantees the right to free assembly and free speech. But a rally of heavily armed people who identify as neo-Nazis and white nationalists, people who came from all over the country brandishing clubs and flags and swastikas, needed to be met by demonstrators against their hatred. And the act of an angry young man from Ohio who drove a car into the crowd, killing Heather Heyer and injuring scores of others, needs to be named for what it was: terrorism.

For those who identify as Americans, this moment calls for patriotism of the highest order-to actively insist on the equality and dignity of each person. For those who identify as white, it is our responsibility to acknowledge the cancer of racism that has scarred this country since the first Africans were kidnapped and brought to North America almost 400 years ago, and to work to bring healing. For those who identify as people of faith, it is our job to actively pursue how it is we might make the world a better place for all of God's children. 

Many faith traditions call on people to defend the rights of the oppressed and the marginalized. We are reminded to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, offer shelter to the poor, and to welcome the 'stranger,' to stand with the weak, and work to lift up the downtrodden. It doesn't matter what your political affiliation is; these values are the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and should bring us together. In the words of the late Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., "The time is always right to do what is right."

You do not have to be part of a faith community to share these values. We must not remain silent about the violence that is daily perpetrated against religious, ethnic, or sexual minorities. We must not shy away from talking about these issues with our children. We must not be afraid to talk about this evil because some may deem it too political. Our silence will not save us.

These are frightening times. But it's never too late to become part of the solution that creates a positive change in the world.

Pastoral Reflections on Charlottesville, VA 

By Rev. Dennis P. "Denny" Moon, Senior Minister

South Congregational Church, Granby, CT

In the wake of the white supremacy march in Charlottesville, VA, I want to underline what has been said by others:

No matter how many club swinging anti-racist protesters there were at the march, there is no moral equivalence, whatsoever, between them and white supremacists.

The basic assumption of Nazis, the KKK, and the Confederacy, is the inferiority of people of color. The goal of white supremacy is to either exclude people of color from society (by apartheid, reservations, or prison) or to destroy them (by abuse, neglect or execution). The assumption that people of color are less than human suspends the necessity of ethical behavior toward them. Violence is inherent in their views. This is not the case with the anti-racist protesters.

The founders of our nation were ambivalent about white supremacy. 

They wrote “All men(sic) are created equal.” Yet they owned slaves and freely broke treaties with American Indians. As Debby Irving wrote in her book Waking Up White, they were part of a larger historical pattern of “white Europeans invading countries, exploiting resources, and ‘civilizing’ people they considered to be savages, all in an entangled quest to dominate through Christianity and capitalism.”  

Our founder’s hearts were divided. 

This American Ambivalence led, eventually, to the Civil War, after which white supremacy found new systemic expression: Jim Crow laws, lynching below the Mason-Dixon line, outlawing the practice of Native American religion, the practical exclusion of soldiers of color from the G.I. bill, redlining, etc., etc..

We continue to live in the wake of our Original Ambivalence.

While there is ample evidence of ambivalent Christian behavior in history, the assumptions of Christianity are not so. The equitable inclusion of all peoples is the purpose of Jesus’ life, death and resurrection. “Love God and your neighbor as yourself.” The oppression of people of color is the purpose of white supremacy. Any white supremacist group that claims Christian identity clearly misunderstands Jesus.

What can be done?

First, read the book “Waking Up White” and join us in our discussion on Oct. 15 at 11:30 a.m. as we try to understand how deeply the idea of white superiority is embedded in our culture and minds. You may not agree with everything in the book but it is a great tool for self reflection.

Second, express your anger among friends. Then, be curious toward those with whom you disagree, inquiring, with specificity, as to the line of logic they use to arrive at their conclusions and the picture of the society that they think their assumptions would create. Think through the connections between your own assumptions and the world you seek to create and be willing to share those ideas. Be curious about your own biases. Test your own assumptions. Disagree respectfully and wonder aloud about why two intelligent people would differ so. Different experiences? Different sources?

Third, do not be afraid. Fear drives white supremacists. The opposite of love is not hatred, it is fear. “Perfect love casts out fear.” (I John 4:10) Know that the light of God’s love has led you to the path of the inclusion of all peoples: it is the path of Moses, the prophets, Jesus—and Buddha and Mohamed, and Secular Humanists as well. Trust that if your life is taken while walking this path, like Heather Heyer’s in Charlottesville, God rest her memory, that you will have given your life for the highest purpose possible, the oneness of humankind and the effort to have God’s “will be done on earth as it is in heaven.”

As a follower of Jesus I believe that all supremacy, including divine supremacy--which allows people to use the bible as a brick instead of a bridge--was crucified with Jesus. And, if you have a discussion with a white supremacist, you may want to gently remind them: Jesus was not white.

Rising Voices of Hate: Andrea's Story

Andrea Comer is my friend. Her friends are many. Her reach is far. She lives the legacy of the United States' history of discrimination, segregation, insults, and injustice toward the "other" through her and her family's experiences. It's personal. It matters. It hurts.

This past year I wrote several blog posts about racial and religious discrimination, many of which were prefaced in their titles with "Essential American History." History matters. True and documented history provides important verifiable facts and details. Details leading to context, insight, and, we hope, a true, unvarnished account of the what, why, and how a people, a country, a world got to where they are today -- history ultimately serving as a compass that could point a path to positive change.

Andrea's Op-Ed in The Hartford Courant (August 19, 2017) describes what I suspect is just a small portion of the deeply personal history of someone I respect and admire. Someone who has helped me navigate my understanding of Hartford's social and political issues  -- all of which spill over into the broader context of our country's current reality. The personal histories of our friends, neighbors, newcomers, and those too often unjustly defined as the stranger, the enemy, or the "other" are what help us understand that history is more than a chronicling of what happened. It's about the actions and events, the triumphs and tragedies, the joys and sorrows that led us to the lives we live today. Personal histories define us. Personal histories define the world. Below is a bit of Andrea's history.

Don Shaw, Jr.
Writer and Editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com


Rising Voices Of Those Who Hate The ‘Other’
By ANDREA COMER
The Hartford Courant, Saturday, August 19, 2017

My mother’s 83-year-old cousin recalled traveling in the 1930s and ’40s with her Brooklyn family to visit relatives in the South, only to be stopped and harassed by police because of the color of their skin and the car’s New York license plate. While there, my cousin went into town to shop, only to be told she could not try on dresses or hats.

My parents, despite their income and education, were denied the right to buy a house in Westchester County, solely because they were black.

A few years ago, two of my friends and I were ejected from a restaurant in Greenwich Village for demanding equitable treatment. Once outside, the manager, inches from my friend with his spittle spraying her face, called her a nigger.

My daughter, while waitressing at an establishment, after singing happy birthday to one of her customers, was praised with the statement “You coloreds have so much talent.”

I recount these instances as a reminder to myself that I shouldn’t be surprised at last weekend’s events in Charlottesville, Va. I shouldn’t. But I was — largely because it was a painful realization that racism has not and perhaps will not ever go away.

The voices of those who hate anyone who is “other” have never been absent. They were muffled perhaps when Barack Obama was president, but that only made them angrier. Once the White House became occupied by someone they perceived as sympathetic to their cause, they no longer felt the need to be silent.

I know there are folks who voted for Donald Trump because they felt he was a better alternative to Hillary Clinton. I believe them when they say they do not ascribe to nationalist beliefs, that they felt the swamp needed to be drained, and the businessman turned reality star turned president was the way to address what they felt needed fixing in this country.

I read “Hillbilly Elegy” in an effort to understand, and to an extent, I did. J.D. Vance’s narrative is Ta-Nehisi Coates’ narrative (“Between the World and Me”) on the other end of the pendulum.

Here’s the problem: When Steve Bannon, who until Friday was the chief strategist in setting your administration’s course, is admittedly and proudly the founder of a platform for the alt-right; when your staff includes a man who spent his high school years bemoaning the presence of Latinos with limited English skills in his midst; when the commander in chief himself has been sued by the federal government for denying people of color access to properties he managed for his father, separating oneself from that narrative is a heavy lift.

And all the Ben Carsons and Omarosa Manigaults in the world cannot undo that.

My grandmother and parents had passed away before Barack Obama was elected. I imagine they would have been proud — even my father, who was a registered Republican.

I think about what they would feel today. I weep for their bravery and conviction in the face of racism and discrimination, only to know just how little progress we have made.

Andrea Comer lives in Hartford.

-End-

Post-Racist vs. Post-Racial America: A Big Difference

Aasif Mandvi
Photograph by Christian Oth for the New York Times

Reading Ana Marie Cox's interview of actor, comedian and writer Aasif Mandvi (October 9, 2016 New York Times Magazine) reminded me of Wes Moore's comments at The Connecticut Forum about wanting a post-racist, not a post-racial America. There is a difference. A big difference.

Mandvi argued in his Cox interview that "We’re not postracial [sic]. Years ago, people would say, “I don’t see race.” But you do see race, and if you tell yourself you don’t see race, you’re never going to address your racism [emphasis mine]. I’m not interested in being beyond race anymore. I’m more interested in leaning into race and saying that we need to accept that other people are different. That is the multiplicity of the human experience and also what potentially makes America great —" 

Wes Moore at The Connecticut Forum
Screen shot from Forum video

Wes Moore made similar points at The Connecticut Forum's Racism program (December 3, 2015) when he said in the Forum's posted video "I don't want to exist in a post-racial America because I'm not ashamed of my race, and nobody should be ashamed of theirs. I don't want to exist in a post-racial America. I want to exist in a post-racist America. And so there's a difference."

So we, the citizens of the United States of America, if true to our belief in the Constitutional rights of all Americans, should recognize, understand and celebrate what Moore said in his Forum comments, and what Mandvi concluded in his interview when he said "we need to accept that other people are different. That is the multiplicity of the human experience and also what potentially makes America great —"

Take just five minutes to follow the the links in my text to read the Mandvi interview, and hear Moore's video comments. They are important points of view.

Don Shaw, Jr.
Writer and Editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Combatting Environmental Racism

I am a big fan of the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center. It is one of my "go-to" advocacy organizations for its commitment to social justice and positive change. 

The April 21, 2016 Stowe Salon on Combatting Environmental Racism promises to be an excellent opportunity to listen to and talk directly with Hartford community leaders who are actively addressing environmental racism.

Join the conversation with Rev. Kari Nicewander, Immanuel Congregational Church, Pastor Steve Camp, Faith Congregational Church and Sharon Lewis, Coalition for Environmental Justice.

The Salon is on my schedule. I encourage you to put it on yours.

Combatting Environmental Racism

Salons at Stowe

April 21, 2016

5:30-5:45 PM Refreshments

5:45-7:15 PM Discussion

Harriet Beecher Stowe Center
Free Event

Reservations or 860-522-9258, x317.

"The Beast Side: Living and Dying While Black in America"

An Evening with D. Watkins

D. Watkins is an award-winning writer, educator, and speaker. He is the author of The Beast Side: Living and Dying While Black in America with its "searing dispatches from the urban zones where African American men have become an endangered species."

"Watkins hailed from the streets of East Baltimore during the semi-automatic era. After years of being deeply involved with the crack game and losing family and friends to it, he took a long, hard, life-changing journey that lead Watkins to earn his MA in Education and MFA, become a college professor, and be a voice for millions through his guest appearances on the news and talk shows."

Watkins will be at the Mark Twain Museum Center Tuesday, March 15, 2016, for An Evening with D. Watkins The event is presented in collaboration by the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, The Mark Twain House & Museum, and Community Partners in Action. John Dankosky of WNPR will moderate.

I'll be there. I hope to see you there, too.

Essential American History: The Great Migration

Jacob Lawrence’s “The migrants arrived in great numbers” (1940-41).CreditMuseum of Modern Art, New York. Gift of Mrs. David M. Levy, The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle/Artists Rights Society (Ars), New York. The Museum of Modern Art, via Licensed by Scala — Art Resource, New York

History matters.

The Great Migration is a critical event in 20th century American history. It is the story of "the decades-long migration of black citizens who fled the South for northern and western cities in search of a better life. From 1915 to 1970, this exodus of almost six million people changed the face of America." Historian Jon Meacham notes that "...it is one of the most significant yet little-noted shifts in American history, a shift with an infinity of implications for questions of race, power, politics, religion, and class - implications that are unfolding even now."

Emmitt Till and Tamir Rice, Sons of the Great Migration, Elizabeth Wilkerson's telling article [NY Times, February 12, 2016] is an insightful assessment relating how "African-Americans still haven't found the freedom they left the South for 100 years ago." This article is an essential follow-up to Wilkerson's Pulitzer Prize winning book, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration, a powerful account of the "...leaderless revolution that would incite six million to seek asylum within the borders of their own country."

Wilkerson's book and article are must reads.

Quotations are from Wilkerson's book and article, and Jon Meacham's comments.
Jacob Lawrence's art appears with the article.

Don Shaw, Jr.

Writer and Editor

RedTruckStonecatcher.com

Essential American History: All Power to the People

If you care about race relations, I encourage you to to watch THE BLACK PANTHERS: VANGUARD OF THE REVOLUTION and draw your own conclusions. Powerful and provocative, it premiers nationally on PBS, Tuesday evening, February 16, 2016 (check local listings). Hear and see this history in the voices, pictures and videos of the allies and opponents who lived it during this highly charged and transformative time. After seeing it at Hartford's Real Art Ways on its national preview tour, I left the theater with a broader and deeper knowledge of those turbulent years.

Producer Stanley Nelson, who spoke in a talk-back session after the screening, clearly wants this movie to help us learn, debate and understand how the Black Panther Party changed the race relations landscape. How we acknowledge and use this history to catch the stones thrown at or placed in the path of the marginalized, vulnerable, and victimized bent and broken by systemic racism is up to us.

As the documentary's website explains: "THE BLACK PANTHERS: VANGUARD OF THE REVOLUTION is the first feature length documentary to explore the Black Panther Party, its significance to the broader American culture, its cultural and political awakening for black people, and the painful lessons wrought when a movement derails.

Master documentarian Stanley Nelson goes straight to the source, weaving a treasure trove of rare archival footage with the voices of the people who were there: police, FBI informants, journalists, white supporters and detractors, and Black Panthers who remained loyal to the party and those who left it...THE BLACK PANTHERS: VANGUARD OF THE REVOLUTION is an essential history and a vibrant chronicle of this pivotal movement that birthed a new revolutionary culture in America."

Don Shaw, Jr.
Writer and Editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com

The Connecticut Forum: Wes Moore and Jessica Williams on Different Kinds of Racism

This Connecticut Forum video of Wes Moore and Jessica Williams on different kinds of racism from its Racism Forum is powerful and telling. It is essential viewing! In the words of the Forum, "...Wes Moore and Jessica Williams challenge superficial definitions of racism and encourage deeper awareness and understanding of one another's circumstances."

Watch more clips from the Racism Forum's other panelists Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center, and Antoinio Villaraigosa, former mayor of Los Angeles.

Don Shaw, Jr.
Writer and editor
RedTruckStonecatcher.com